Air Carrier Operations practice questions

Answer: B) The lessor provides only the aircraft; the lessee supplies every crewmember and normally exercises operational control

14 CFR 110.2 defines a wet lease as a lease of an entire aircraft with at least one crewmember, so a dry lease is the aircraft only. The lessee supplies the crew and normally exercises operational control.

• AIncorrect. Under 14 CFR 110.2, a lease that includes at least one crewmember is a wet lease. Who supplies the cabin crew doesn't change that.
• BCorrect. A wet lease is any lease of an entire aircraft with at least one crewmember, so a lease with no crew is a dry lease. The lessee normally exercises operational control (authority over initiating, conducting or terminating the flight).
• CIncorrect. The lessor provides at least one crewmember, so this meets the 14 CFR 110.2 definition of a wet lease.
• DIncorrect. That is a code-sharing arrangement, which is a marketing arrangement and not an aircraft lease. 14 CFR 110.2 specifically says a wet lease does not include a code-sharing arrangement.

Answer: D) 2 flight attendants

• AIncorrect. Two are required.
• BIncorrect. That's 20 to 50 seats.
• CIncorrect. That's over 100 seats.
• DCorrect. 14 CFR 121.391.

Answer: A) 14 CFR Part 382

• ACorrect. It sets carrier obligations.
• BIncorrect. That covers pilot certification.
• CIncorrect. That covers maintenance.
• DIncorrect. Part 382 is specific to this.

Answer: B) PIC and dispatcher

• AIncorrect. PIC and dispatcher.
• BCorrect. Both share responsibility.
• CIncorrect. PIC and dispatcher.
• DIncorrect. PIC and dispatcher.

Answer: A) It permits takeoff with listed items inoperative if the MEL's conditions and limitations are met

An approved MEL lets a Part 121 airplane take off with certain listed items inoperative, but only when OpSpecs authorize it and its conditions and limitations are met. Items essential under the type certificate, items required by ADs, and items required for specific Part 121 operations cannot be on the MEL.

• ACorrect. Under 121.628(a), takeoff with inoperable equipment is allowed when an approved MEL exists, OpSpecs authorize its use, records are available to the pilot, and the airplane is operated under all applicable MEL conditions and limitations.
• BIncorrect. Under 121.628(b), the MEL may not include equipment that an airworthiness directive requires to be in operable condition, unless the AD itself provides otherwise. Captain agreement does not change that.
• CIncorrect. Under 121.628(b), equipment required by the type-certification airworthiness requirements and essential for safe operation under all operating conditions may not be included in the MEL.
• DIncorrect. 121.628(a)(2) also requires the responsible Flight Standards office to issue operations specifications authorizing operations under an approved MEL.

Answer: B) Authorization and limitations for routes and areas of operations

Operations specifications set out a certificate holder's authorizations, limitations and conditions. 119.49(a) lists the required items, including the kinds of operations authorized and authorization and limitations for routes and areas of operations.

• AIncorrect. 119.49(a) does not list individual pilots. Pilot qualification is tracked under the training and recordkeeping rules in Part 121.
• BCorrect. 119.49(a)(6) requires the operations specifications to contain authorization and limitations for routes and areas of operations.
• CIncorrect. The manual is a separate document required by Part 121 (for example, 121.133). The operations specifications do not contain its full text.
• DIncorrect. Crew scheduling is an internal function governed by the flight and duty time rules. It is not an operations specifications item under 119.49(a).

Answer: A) An airport the operator may list with FAA approval because it meets the landing limitations of 121.197 and either meets Part 139 subpart D (excluding ARFF) or is an active, operational military airport

Under 14 CFR 121.7, an adequate airport meets the 121.197 landing limitations and either meets Part 139 subpart D (ARFF excluded) or is an active, operational military airport. Weather suitability applies only when the airport is designated as an ETOPS alternate.

• ACorrect. This matches the 14 CFR 121.7 definition of an adequate airport.
• BIncorrect. This is the definition of an ETOPS alternate airport, which is a subset of adequate airports.
• CIncorrect. Distance from the route does not define adequacy. The definition depends on the 121.197 landing limitations and Part 139 subpart D or active military airport status.
• DIncorrect. Weather minimums are not part of the adequate airport definition. They apply when an adequate airport is designated as an ETOPS alternate.

Answer: D) Authorized minimums

• AIncorrect. Authorized minimums apply.
• BIncorrect. Authorized IFR minimums apply.
• CIncorrect. Authorized minimums apply.
• DCorrect. 14 CFR 121.613.

Answer: B) Evidence that the aircraft is loaded per an approved schedule keeping the CG within limits

A 121.693 load manifest shows the weights of the aircraft, fuel and oil, cargo and baggage, passengers and crew. It also shows the maximum allowable weight, the total computed weight, evidence that the CG is within limits and passenger names (unless kept by other means).

• AIncorrect. Airports and weather information belong in the dispatch release under 121.687, not the load manifest.
• BCorrect. 121.693(d) requires evidence that the aircraft is loaded according to an approved schedule that keeps the center of gravity within approved limits. The manifest also lists weights, the maximum allowable weight, the total computed weight and passenger names.
• CIncorrect. Segment fuel burn and time en route are flight planning data. 121.693 does not require them on the load manifest.
• DIncorrect. MEL deferrals are handled under the MEL and maintenance records. They are not part of the 121.693 load manifest.

Answer: A) A 14-year-old who is traveling with a parent seated in the same row

14 CFR 121.585(b) bars anyone under 15 from exit seats, along with anyone who cannot perform the evacuation functions. Eyeglasses, contact lenses and hearing aids are allowed aids and do not disqualify a passenger.

• ACorrect. Under 121.585(b)(2), a person under 15 years of age may not occupy an exit seat. Having an adult companion nearby does not change this.
• BIncorrect. The age limit is under 15, and traveling alone does not disqualify anyone. This person may sit in an exit seat if they meet the other criteria.
• CIncorrect. Under 121.585(b)(4), a person is disqualified only if they need visual aids beyond contact lenses or eyeglasses. Eyeglasses alone are acceptable.
• DIncorrect. Under 121.585(b)(5), a person is disqualified only if they cannot hear and understand shouted instructions without assistance beyond a hearing aid. A hearing aid is permitted.