The Private Pilot Airplane (PAR) knowledge test covers what a private pilot needs before the checkride: regulations and airworthiness, weather, cross-country planning, airspace, performance and weight and balance, airplane systems, human factors and airport operations.
Exam format at a glance
| Format | 60 multiple-choice questions in 2.5 hours, at an FAA airman knowledge testing center. Minimum age to take the test is 15. |
| Cost | Testing fees are set by the testing center — check current pricing when you schedule. |
| Scoring | The passing score is 70 percent. Practice scores here use the same 70% pass line. |
| Validity | A passed knowledge test must be followed by the practical test within 24 calendar months (14 CFR 61.39). |
Who this exam is for
- Student pilots preparing for the private pilot knowledge test
- Flight instructors looking for practice material to assign
- Pilots refreshing their knowledge before a flight review
How to actually study for it
- Weather is a big part of the test — learn to read METARs, TAFs and winds aloft forecasts, and know fronts, stability and thunderstorm stages.
- Memorize airspace entry requirements and VFR weather minimums for each class.
- Practice weight and balance, time-speed-distance and fuel calculations until they are quick.
- Know the regulations on currency, medical certificates, required documents and inspections.
Where to go next
Start with the free 10-question diagnostic to see where you actually stand, or go straight to the one-page Private Pilot cheat sheet. The full Private Pilot practice exam covers every domain at the real exam's weighting, with every answer explained.