Endorsements and rules
- Solo endorsement is valid for 90 days
- A CFI may give no more than 8 hours of flight training in 24 consecutive hours
- CFI certificates expire after 24 calendar months unless renewed
Aerodynamics
- A wing stalls at its critical angle of attack, at any airspeed
- A spin requires a stall plus yaw
- 60° bank = 2 G; stall speed rises about 41%
Performance and navigation
- CG = total moment ÷ total weight
- High density altitude reduces performance
- East is least, west is best for variation
Maneuvers
- Turns around a point: steepest bank directly downwind
- Stall recovery: reduce angle of attack first
- Spin recovery: PARE — power idle, ailerons neutral, rudder opposite, elevator forward
Test yourself on FIA
Reading a summary is the easy part. Take the free 10-question diagnostic to see which of these domains you actually have, then drill the rest.