Pharmacy
- Dose (mg) = mg/kg × body weight (kg); volume = dose ÷ concentration
- 1 kg = 2.2 lb
- Atipamezole reverses dexmedetomidine; naloxone reverses opioids
Surgery and dentistry
- Steam autoclave: about 121°C (250°F) for at least 15 minutes
- Suture sizes: more zeros means thinner (4-0 is finer than 2-0)
- Dogs have 42 permanent teeth; cats have 30
Lab and imaging
- EDTA (purple top) for CBC; red top for serum chemistry
- kVp controls contrast; mAs controls density
- ALARA: time, distance and shielding
Anesthesia and emergency
- Normal EtCO₂ is about 35–45 mmHg
- CPR compressions at 100–120 per minute
- Xylitol causes hypoglycemia in dogs; lilies cause kidney failure in cats
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